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A. J. Cronin was a Scottish novelist, physician, and philanthropist. He was born in Cardross, Scotland, in 1896, and studied medicine at the University of Glasgow. He worked as a physician for several years before turning to writing full-time. His first novel, The Citadel, was published in 1937 and became an international bestseller. Cronin went on to write more than 30 novels, many of which were adapted into films.