What was Abdul Hamid II's nickname in the West due to his atrocities?
Red Sultan
Bloody Emperor
Tyrant of the East
Despot of the Bosphorus
Answer
Abdul Hamid II was called the "Red Sultan" in the West due to his atrocities, including the Hamidian Massacres and his use of secret police to silence dissent.
Unveiling the Reign of Abdul Hamid II: The Enigmatic 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire