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Pascual Ortiz Rubio was the president of Mexico before Emilio Rodríguez. Rodríguez's term began on February 4, 1932 after taking over the presidency from Rubio, who had resigned and gone into exile in the United States. This transition of power marked a significant moment in Mexico's political history, as Rodríguez played a crucial role in shaping the country's course during a time of economic crisis and social unrest.