Answer
Black Spades, initially a violent street gang in the South Bronx, New York, was transformed by Afrika Bambaataa, a DJ and one of the pioneers of hip-hop culture. Bambaataa played a pivotal role in channeling the gang members' energy into creative and constructive pursuits, such as hip-hop music, breakdancing, and graffiti art, giving birth to the hip-hop movement as a means of promoting peace, unity, and self-expression.