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Dubček was born on November 27, 1921, in Uhrovec, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia). A prominent figure in Czechoslovak politics, he served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1968 to 1969, during the Prague Spring period of political liberalization. Dubček's commitment to democratic reforms led to the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, ending his tenure and initiating a period of political repression.