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Alexei Abrikosov, in full Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, was a Soviet-American physicist who shared the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics with fellow physicists Anthony J. Leggett and Vitaly L. Ginzburg for groundbreaking contributions to Theory of superconductors and superfluids. Abrikosov's theoretical work on the properties of superconductors and superfluids laid the groundwork for understanding these remarkable states of matter.