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In 1991, Timor-Leste achieved a significant democratic milestone when José Alexandre "Xanana" Gusmão took office as the first freely elected president of the nation. This marked a pivotal moment in the country's history, representing the establishment of a democratic government following decades of Portuguese colonization and Indonesian occupation. Gusmão's presidency symbolized the people's aspiration for self-determination and paved the way for Timor-Leste's journey toward nation-building and international recognition.