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Old Comedy, the era of Aristophanes, flourished in ancient Greece during the 5th century BCE. It was characterized by uninhibited political and social satire, often employing humorous obscenity and slapstick humor. Playwrights during this period, like Aristophanes, used their plays as platforms to criticize societal norms, political figures, and contemporary events, making Old Comedy a potent form of social and political critique.