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Dáil Éireann was the revolutionary assembly established by Sinn Féin MPs, led by Arthur Griffith, after the 1918 Irish general election. It convened on January 21, 1919, as a unilateral declaration of Irish independence in response to the British government's refusal to grant Home Rule. The assembly aimed to establish an independent Irish republic, and its members were known as Teachtaí Dála (TDs) instead of Members of Parliament (MPs).