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In 1999, Turkey witnessed the formation of a three-party coalition government consisting of the Democratic Left Party (DSP), led by Bülent Ecevit, the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), headed by Devlet Bahçeli, and the Motherland Party (ANAP), under the leadership of Mesut Yılmaz. This coalition aimed to address the country's pressing economic and political challenges, including promoting economic stability and furthering Turkey's integration with the European Union.