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Sprinters are athletes who specialize in short-distance races, typically ranging from 100 to 400 meters. Michael Fred Phelps II is an American former competitive swimmer and the most successful Olympian of all time, winning 28 medals. Mark Spitz is a retired American competitive swimmer and nine-time Olympic champion. Usain Bolt is a retired Jamaican sprinter and eight-time Olympic gold medalist, widely regarded as the greatest sprinter of all time.