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Carolyn S. Shoemaker primarily looked for near-Earth objects (NEOs), which are asteroids and comets that come within 1.3 astronomical units (AU) of the Sun. Shoemaker's research led to the discovery of hundreds of NEOs, including several that posed a threat to Earth. She also co-founded the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) program, which continues to search for and track NEOs.