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The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) ruled in favor of South African athlete Caster Semenya in July 2023. The ECHR found that the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)'s regulations on testosterone levels for female athletes were discriminatory and violated Semenya's human rights. The IAAF regulations required female athletes with high levels of testosterone to take medication to reduce their testosterone levels or to compete in men's events.