Answer
Anomalies in nickel steel alloys were discovered by Charles Édouard Guillaume. These alloys exhibited unusual properties, such as a near-zero coefficient of thermal expansion, making them valuable for precision instruments. Guillaume's discovery led to the development of invar, a nickel-iron alloy with a very low thermal expansion coefficient, and elinvar, a nickel-chromium-iron alloy with a low modulus of elasticity and a high resistance to temperature changes.