Answer
Arithmetica, the extant work of Diophantus, stands out as a significant contribution to the field of number theory. Composed in thirteen books, it encompasses various topics such as solving algebraic equations, investigating properties of numbers, and exploring Pythagorean triples. Diophantus' inventive use of syncopated notation, where numbers were represented by abbreviations of their Greek names, marked a groundbreaking advancement in mathematical notation.