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Taifas were independent Muslim-ruled principalities in Al-Andalus (the Islamic Iberian Peninsula) that emerged after the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate in the 11th century. There were more than 20 Taifas at their peak, ranging in size from small towns to entire regions. The Taifas were characterized by their diversity and dynamism, and they played an important role in the development of Islamic culture in Iberia.