Answer
Gaskell's literature belongs to the Victorian era, a period that encompasses the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901. It is characterized by significant political, economic, and social changes, as well as a flourishing of literature, art, and science. Gaskell's works, such as "Mary Barton" and "Cranford," capture the essence of Victorian society and explore themes of class, gender, and industrialization.