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Emil Theodor Kocher (1841-1917) was a Swiss surgeon who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1909 for his work on the physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gland. He was born in Bern, Switzerland, and studied medicine at the University of Bern. He later served as a professor of surgery at the University of Bern and as the director of the University Hospital of Bern.