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The Lysozyme Project, initiated in the 1960s, set out to comprehend the intricate mechanisms underlying enzyme reactions. Conducted mainly at Cambridge University, the project pioneered X-ray crystallography to determine the three-dimensional structures of proteins, particularly the enzyme lysozyme. These groundbreaking efforts marked a significant milestone in understanding how enzymes catalyze biochemical transformations, paving the way for advancements in fields like protein engineering, drug design, and biotechnology.