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The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission, also known as the Cheka, was a secret police organization established by Vladimir Lenin in December 1917. It was tasked with combating counter-revolutionary activities, sabotage, and espionage. Felix Dzerzhinsky, a Polish revolutionary and Bolshevik, was appointed as its first chairman. The Cheka played a significant role in consolidating the Bolshevik regime and suppressing opposition during the early years of the Soviet Union.