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What is the thing that unifies short and long range interactions by generating massive gauge vector bosons?

Quantum uncertainty principle
Theory of relativity
Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism
String theory

Answer

The Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism is the thing that unifies short and long range interactions by generating massive gauge vector bosons. It is a theory that explains why the weak nuclear force has short range interactions, while the electromagnetic force has long range interactions. The mechanism works by postulating that there is a field, called the Higgs field, which fills all of space.