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Françoise Barré-Sinoussi is a French virologist who helped identify the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS. Barré-Sinoussi and her colleague Luc Montagnier first isolated the virus in 1983. Their discovery was a major breakthrough in the fight against AIDS, and Barré-Sinoussi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2008 for her work.