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Born in 1903, George Wells Beadle was an American geneticist and Nobel laureate. His significant contributions to genetics, particularly through his work on the fungus Neurospora crassa, played a pivotal role in establishing the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis, which demonstrated the direct relationship between genes and enzymes. For this groundbreaking discovery, Beadle shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edward Tatum and Joshua Lederberg.