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George Hoyt Whipple was an American physician who made significant contributions to the fields of physiology and medicine. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934, together with George Richards Minot and William Parry Murphy, for their work on pernicious anemia. Whipple's research showed that the liver is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12, and that a deficiency of this vitamin can lead to anemia.