What was the result of Pope Gregory II's defiance of Emperor Leo III?
Peaceful resolution
Excommunication
Establishment of temporal power
Forced resignation
Answer
Pope Gregory II's defiance of Emperor Leo III led to a series of revolts, schisms, and civil wars that eventually resulted in the establishment of the temporal power of the popes. This power allowed the popes to have authority over both spiritual and secular matters.
Unveiling the Papacy of Pope Gregory II: A Divine Challenge!
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