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Gustave Flaubert was a French novelist and playwright who is considered one of the greatest writers of the 19th century. He is best known for his novels Madame Bovary, Salammbô, and L'Éducation sentimentale, all of which are considered masterpieces of realism. Flaubert's style is characterized by its meticulous attention to detail and its use of language to create a vivid and realistic depiction of the world.