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Naturalism, epitomized by Maupassant's literary contributions, is a literary movement that emerged in the 19th century, rejecting romanticized notions and delving into the unvarnished truths of human existence. Rooted in scientific positivism, Naturalism sought to portray life objectively, meticulously observing and depicting societal realities, social disparities, and the influence of heredity and environment on human behavior, with a focus on the lower strata of society.