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King Birendra was the king of Nepal before Gyanendra’s second reign. Birendra was the eldest son of King Mahendra and Queen Ratna, and he succeeded his father to the throne in 1972. Birendra was a popular and respected king, and he oversaw a period of relative stability and prosperity in Nepal. However, Birendra was assassinated in 2001, along with most of his family, in a massacre that shook the country.