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Halldór Laxness (1902-1998) was an Icelandic writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1955. His birth name was Halldór Guðjónsson. He was born in Reykjavík, Iceland, and grew up in a poor family. He left school at an early age and worked as a farmer, fisherman, and journalist. He began writing in his early twenties, and his first novel was published in 1923.