Answer
Alienation, a central theme in Lefebvre's work, refers to the estrangement individuals experience from their own labor, products, and social relationships under capitalism. Lefebvre argued that alienation permeates all aspects of modern life, leading to a sense of fragmentation, powerlessness, and meaninglessness. He believed that overcoming alienation required a radical transformation of society, one that would empower individuals and restore a sense of community and purpose.