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Henrietta Lacks is recognized for her immortalized cell line, known as HeLa cells, which have played a pivotal role in medical advancements. These cells, derived from her cancerous tissue without her knowledge or consent, have contributed to numerous breakthroughs, including the development of the polio vaccine, cancer research, and gene mapping. The HeLa cell line's continuous growth and proliferation have made it an invaluable tool for scientists and researchers worldwide.