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Mao Zedong, the renowned leader of the Chinese Communist Party, faced public criticism from the prominent intellectual and philosopher Hu Shih. Hu Shih openly expressed his disapproval of Mao's methods, particularly his authoritarian approach to governance and his policies during the Cultural Revolution. Hu Shih's criticism stemmed from his belief in democratic principles and individual freedoms, which he felt were being undermined by Mao's leadership style.