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Karimov was Uzbek, born in Samarkand, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union, on January 30, 1938. He served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan from 1989 to 1991 and as the President of Uzbekistan from 1991 until his death in 2016. Karimov was a controversial figure, accused of authoritarianism, corruption, and human rights abuses during his presidency.