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Norwegian physicist Ivar Giaever is known for his work on superconductivity and tunneling. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson for their discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in solids. Giaever was born in Bergen, Norway, in 1929. He earned his doctorate from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1954 and then worked at the General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady, New York.