Answer
The response to what category Matejko's "Stańczyk" falls under is that it is a historical painting. The work illustrates Stańczyk, the court jester of King Sigismund I of Poland, standing in the background of a lavish feast, symbolizing the decline of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The painting is significant for its depiction of the jester as a tragic figure, reflecting the broader societal and political turmoil of the time.