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Jan Matejko, a renowned Polish painter, is most remembered for receiving an unexpected and unsolicited letter from the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche in 1889. Nietzsche's letter praised Matejko's historical artwork, particularly his monumental painting "The Battle of Grunwald," which captivated Nietzsche with its evocative portrayal of Polish national identity. The correspondence highlighted Nietzsche's keen appreciation for art that reflected historical and cultural narratives.