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Janusz Korczak was the pen name of Henryk Goldszmit, a Polish-Jewish educator, physician, and children's rights advocate. He adopted the name "Janusz Korczak" in 1898, inspired by the character of a Polish nobleman in a novel by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski. Korczak's pen name became synonymous with his work as a pioneer in the field of child welfare and education.