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The Querelle des Bouffons, a significant 18th-century debate that took place in France, centered on the conflict between French and Italian operatic styles. Proponents of Italian opera, known as Bouffonists, argued for more natural singing and expressive melodies, while supporters of French opera, called Lullistes, championed more formal, majestic musical structures. This intellectual clash had far-reaching implications, influencing musical development and contributing to broader cultural shifts during the Enlightenment era.