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Hegel's philosophical ideas were contrasted by Johann Friedrich Herbart, a German philosopher and psychologist. Herbart's critique centered around Hegel's emphasis on the absolute and his dialectical method. He argued for a more empirical and scientific approach to philosophy, stressing the importance of individual experience and psychological processes in understanding reality. Herbart's focus on concrete experience and his rejection of speculative metaphysics set him apart from Hegel's idealist philosophy.