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John II Sigismund succeeded John Zápolya as King of Hungary. Sigismund was Zápolya's son and co-ruler, and he inherited the throne upon his father's death in 1540. Sigismund's reign was marked by the ongoing conflict between Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, as well as by religious tensions between Catholics and Protestants. He abdicated in 1571 in favor of his cousin, Maximilian II, who was also Holy Roman Emperor.