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The Tupamaros, of which José Mujica was a prominent member, was a guerrilla movement that emerged in Uruguay during the 1960s and 1970s. Rooted in urban guerilla warfare tactics and inspired by revolutionary ideologies, they aimed to challenge the established socioeconomic order and promote social change. Initially known for bank robberies and kidnappings, the Tupamaros grew into a significant political force, influencing the country's subsequent political landscape.