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Joseph Campbell, born in the 20th century, was a renowned American writer, mythologist, and comparative religion scholar. He gained significant recognition for his influential work "The Hero with a Thousand Faces," published in 1949. Campbell's insightful examination and comparison of myths and religions from various cultures led him to propose the "monomyth" or the "hero's journey" narrative structure, which has had a profound impact on storytelling and creative fields.