Answer
Renormalizing quantum electrodynamics (QED) to one loop order was achieved by Schwinger, which is considered a key accomplishment. This refers to the process of removing infinities that arise in QED calculations, allowing for finite and meaningful predictions. It involves introducing a cutoff or regularization scheme to handle divergent integrals and then systematically eliminating these infinities through a perturbative expansion, resulting in a renormalized theory with well-defined physical quantities.