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Bultmann, a leading New Testament scholar, diverged from Barth's theological views, particularly in his interpretation of the Bible. While Barth emphasized the divine revelation and the authority of the Bible, Bultmann adopted a more existentialist approach, focusing on the personal encounter with God and demythologizing the biblical narratives to make them existentially relevant. This divergence in theological perspectives led to a significant debate and exchange of ideas within Protestant theology.