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The Gulag labor camps were a system of forced labor camps that existed in the Soviet Union from the 1920s to the 1960s. They were created by the Soviet government as a way to punish political opponents and other undesirables. Lavrentiy Beria was a Soviet politician who oversaw the expansion of the Gulag system. Under Beria's leadership, the Gulag system grew to include hundreds of camps, housing millions of prisoners.