What was the primary charge for Louis IV's excommunication?
Heresy
Treason
Simony
Usurpation
Answer
The primary charge for Louis IV's excommunication was usurpation, as he had seized the German throne without the approval of the Holy Roman Emperor or the Pope. This act of defiance against both secular and religious authority led to a prolonged conflict between Louis and the papacy, known as the Investiture Controversy, which had profound political, religious and territorial impacts in medieval Europe.
Conquering the Crown: Unveiling the Reign of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
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