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Palaeoanthropology, the study of human evolution, was the field in which Louis Leakey specialized. He was a renowned archaeologist and anthropologist who made significant contributions to our understanding of human origins. Leakey's research in East Africa led to the discovery of several important hominid fossils, including the remains of Australopithecus afarensis, known as "Lucy," which provided crucial insights into the evolution of our species.