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Human ancestors were the primary focus of Leakey's discoveries. His work in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, uncovered numerous hominid fossils, including those of Homo habilis and Paranthropus boisei. These findings provided crucial insights into the evolution of the human lineage and challenged prevailing theories about the origins of our species. Leakey's discoveries revolutionized the field of paleoanthropology and established him as a leading authority on human evolution.