What was a hallmark of Mahmud II's reign?
Stagnation
Expansion
Radical Reform
Isolation
Answer
**Radical Reform:** Prompted by the rapid decline and military defeats of the Ottoman Empire, Mahmud II embarked on a comprehensive modernization program known as the Tanzimat, which aimed to revitalize the empire's political, social, and military structures. He introduced revolutionary changes such as modernizing the military, enacting a new civil legal code, and restructuring the bureaucracy, leaving a profound impact on the empire's trajectory.
Mastering Mahmud II: Unraveling the Legacy of the Progressive Sultan
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