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Maria Kalesnikava was arrested on Belarusian territory in September 2020. She was arrested for her role in the opposition to Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko. Kalesnikava was one of the leaders of the 2020 Belarusian protests, which were sparked by Lukashenko's fraudulent re-election. She was also one of the leaders of the Coordination Council, an opposition group that was formed to oversee a transition to democracy in Belarus.